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''Salvia'' is the largest genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, with the number of species estimated to range from 700 to nearly 1,000. Members include shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. There are three main regions of radiation of ''Salvia'': Central and South America, with approximately 500 species; central Asia and the Mediterranean with approx. 250 species; eastern Asia with approximately 90 species. The naming of distinct ''Salvia'' species has undergone regular revision, with many species being renamed, merged, and reclassified over the years. ''Salvia officinalis'' (common sage), for example, has been cultivated for thousands of years, yet has been named and described under six different scientific names since 1940. At one time there were over 2,000 named species and subspecies. The most recent revision, by Gabriel Alziar of the Jardin botanique de la Ville de Nice, has consolidated the number of different species to approximately 700. As new discoveries are made, the taxonomic list of ''Salvia'' species will continue to change. The first significant accounting of the genus was done by George Bentham in 1832-1836, based on a similarity in staminal morphology between ''Salvia'' members. His work, ''Labiatarum Genera et Species'' (1836), is still the most comprehensive organization of ''Salvia''. Even though there were only 291 species at that time, he still considered the possibility of forming five or six genera, due to differences between certain groups of ''Salvia''. Bentham eventually organized the genus into four subgenera and twelve sections, based on differences in the corolla, calyx, and stamens. In the last 100 years, that system of organization is generally not endorsed by botanists.〔 The classification of ''Salvia'' has long been based on the genus' unusual pollination and stamen structure, which was presumed to have evolved only once. More recently, a study using DNA sequencing of ''Salvia'' species has shown that different versions of this lever mechanism have evolved at least three different times within ''Salvia''. This clearly makes the genus non-monophyletic, which means that members of the genus have evolved from different ancestors, rather than sharing one common ancestor. The DNA analysis has shown that the genus may consist of as many as three different clades, or branches.〔 The study concluded that ''Salvia'' is not a natural genus—some of its branches have a closer relationship to other genera in the tribe Mentheae than to other ''Salvia'' species. ==A== *''Salvia absconditiflora'' Greuter & Burdet, 1985. *''Salvia acuminata'' Ruiz & Pav, 1798. *''Salvia adenocaulon'' P.H.Davis *''Salvia adenophora'' Fernald, 1900. *''Salvia adenophylla'' Hedge & Hub.-Mor. *''Salvia adiantifolia'' E.Peter, 1935. *''Salvia adoxoides'' C.Y. Wu, 1977. *''Salvia aegyptiaca'' L., 1753. *''Salvia aequidens'' Botsch. *''Salvia aequidistans'' Fernald, 1900. *''Salvia aerea'' H. Lév.,1913. *''Salvia aethiopis'' L., 1753. *''Salvia africana'' L. *''Salvia africana-lutea'' L. *''Salvia alamosana'' Rose, 1891. *''Salvia alariformis'' L.O. Williams, 1972. *''Salvia alata'' Epling, 1960. *''Salvia alatipetiolata'' Sun, 1960. *''Salvia alba'' J. R. I. Wood *''Salvia albicalyx'' Gonzalez-Galledos, 2013 *''Salvia albicaulis'' Benth. *''Salvia albiflora'' M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844. *''Salvia albimaculata'' Hedge & Huber-Morath. *''Salvia albocaerulea'' Linden, 1857. *''Salvia alborosea'' Epling & Játiva, 1966. *''Salvia alexeenkoi'' Pobed. *''Salvia algeriensis'' Desf. *''Salvia aliciae'' E.P.Santos *''Salvia altissima'' Pohl. *''Salvia alvajaca'' Oerst., 1854. *''Salvia amethystina'' Sm., 1790. *''Salvia amissa'' Epling *''Salvia amplexicaulis'' Lam. *''Salvia amplicalyx'' E.Peter *''Salvia amplifrons'' Briq., 1896. *''Salvia anastomosans'' Ramamoorthy, 1984. *''Salvia anatolica'' Hamzaoğlu & A.Duran *''Salvia andreji'' Pobed. *''Salvia anguicoma'' Epling *''Salvia angulata'' Benth., 1835. *''Salvia angustiarum'' Epling *''Salvia apiana'' Jeps., 1908. *''Salvia apparicii'' Brade & Barb.Per. *''Salvia appendiculata'' E. Peter, 1935. *''Salvia arabica'' Al-Musawi & Weinert *''Salvia aramiensis'' Rech.f., 1950. *''Salvia arborescens'' Urb. & Ekman *''Salvia arbuscula'' Fernald, 1910. *''Salvia arduinervis'' Urb. & Ekman, 1926. *''Salvia arenaria'' St.Hilaire. *''Salvia areolata'' Epling, 1944. *''Salvia argentea'' L. *''Salvia ariana'' Hedge *''Salvia aridicola'' Briq. *''Salvia aristata'' Aucher ex Benth., 1848 *''Salvia arizonica'' A. Gray *''Salvia arthrocoma'' Fernald, 1907. *''Salvia articulata'' Epling, 1936. *''Salvia aspera'' M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844. *''Salvia asperata'' Falc. ex Benth., 1848 *''Salvia asperifolia'' Benth. *''Salvia assurgens'' Kunth, 1818. *''Salvia atrocalyx'' Epling, 1935. *''Salvia atrocyanea'' Epling. *''Salvia atropaenulata'' Epling, 1939. *''Salvia atropatana'' Bge. *''Salvia atropurpurea'' C.Y. Wu, 1977. *''Salvia atrorubra'' C.Y. Wu, 1977. *''Salvia aucheri'' Benth. *''Salvia aurita'' L. *''Salvia austriaca'' Jacq. *''Salvia austromelissodora'' Epling & Játiva, 1966. *''Salvia axillaris'' Moc. & Sessé, 1833. *''Salvia axilliflora'' Epling. *''Salvia ayavacensis'' Kunth, 1818. *''Salvia ayayacensis'' Kunth. *''Salvia aytachii'' Vural & Adigüzel *''Salvia azurea'' Lam., 1805. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Salvia species」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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